function URLEncode (clearString) {
  var output = '';
  var x = 0;
  clearString = clearString.toString();
  var regex = /(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.]*)/;
  while (x < clearString.length) {
    var match = regex.exec(clearString.substr(x));
    if (match != null && match.length > 1 && match[1] != '') {
    	output += match[1];
      x += match[1].length;
    } else {
      if (clearString[x] == ' ')
        output += '+';
      else {
        var charCode = clearString.charCodeAt(x);
        var hexVal = charCode.toString(16);
        output += '%' + ( hexVal.length < 2 ? '0' : '' ) + hexVal.toUpperCase();
      }
      x++;
    }
  }
  return output;
}

function str_replace (search, replace, subject, count) {
    // http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net
    // +   original by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   improved by: Gabriel Paderni
    // +   improved by: Philip Peterson
    // +   improved by: Simon Willison (http://simonwillison.net)
    // +    revised by: Jonas Raoni Soares Silva (http://www.jsfromhell.com)
    // +   bugfixed by: Anton Ongson
    // +      input by: Onno Marsman
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +    tweaked by: Onno Marsman
    // +      input by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +   bugfixed by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   input by: Oleg Eremeev
    // +   improved by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +   bugfixed by: Oleg Eremeev
    // %          note 1: The count parameter must be passed as a string in order
    // %          note 1:  to find a global variable in which the result will be given
    // *     example 1: str_replace(' ', '.', 'Kevin van Zonneveld');
    // *     returns 1: 'Kevin.van.Zonneveld'
    // *     example 2: str_replace(['{name}', 'l'], ['hello', 'm'], '{name}, lars');
    // *     returns 2: 'hemmo, mars'

    var i = 0, j = 0, temp = '', repl = '', sl = 0, fl = 0,
            f = [].concat(search),
            r = [].concat(replace),
            s = subject,
            ra = r instanceof Array, sa = s instanceof Array;
    s = [].concat(s);
    if (count) {
        this.window[count] = 0;
    }

    for (i=0, sl=s.length; i < sl; i++) {
        if (s[i] === '') {
            continue;
        }
        for (j=0, fl=f.length; j < fl; j++) {
            temp = s[i]+'';
            repl = ra ? (r[j] !== undefined ? r[j] : '') : r[0];
            s[i] = (temp).split(f[j]).join(repl);
            if (count && s[i] !== temp) {
                this.window[count] += (temp.length-s[i].length)/f[j].length;}
        }
    }
    return sa ? s : s[0];
}

function htmlspecialchars (string, quote_style, charset, double_encode) {
    // Convert special characters to HTML entities
    //
    // version: 911.2923
    // discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/htmlspecialchars    // +   original by: Mirek Slugen
    // +   improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
    // +   bugfixed by: Nathan
    // +   bugfixed by: Arno
    // +    revised by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)    // +    bugfixed by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // +      input by: Ratheous
    // +      input by: Mailfaker (http://www.weedem.fr/)
    // +      reimplemented by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
    // %        note 1: charset argument not supported    // *     example 1: htmlspecialchars("<a href='test'>Test</a>", 'ENT_QUOTES');
    // *     returns 1: '&lt;a href=&#039;test&#039;&gt;Test&lt;/a&gt;'
    // *     example 2: htmlspecialchars("ab\"c'd", ['ENT_NOQUOTES', 'ENT_QUOTES']);
    // *     returns 2: 'ab"c&#039;d'
    // *     example 3: htmlspecialchars("my "&entity;" is still here", null, null, false);    // *     returns 3: 'my &quot;&entity;&quot; is still here'
    var optTemp = 0, i = 0, noquotes= false;
    if (typeof quote_style === 'undefined' || quote_style === null) {
        quote_style = 2;
    }    string = string.toString();
    if (double_encode !== false) { // Put this first to avoid double-encoding
        string = string.replace(/&/g, '&amp;');
    }
    string = string.replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
    var OPTS = {
        'ENT_NOQUOTES': 0,
        'ENT_HTML_QUOTE_SINGLE' : 1,
        'ENT_HTML_QUOTE_DOUBLE' : 2,        'ENT_COMPAT': 2,
        'ENT_QUOTES': 3,
        'ENT_IGNORE' : 4,
    };
    if (quote_style === 0) {        noquotes = true;
    }
    if (typeof quote_style !== 'number') { // Allow for a single string or an array of string flags
        quote_style = [].concat(quote_style);
        for (i=0; i < quote_style.length; i++) {            // Resolve string input to bitwise e.g. 'PATHINFO_EXTENSION' becomes 4
            if (OPTS[quote_style[i]] === 0) {
                noquotes = true;
            }
            else if (OPTS[quote_style[i]]) {                optTemp = optTemp | OPTS[quote_style[i]];
            }
        }
        quote_style = optTemp;
    }    if (quote_style & OPTS.ENT_HTML_QUOTE_SINGLE) {
        string = string.replace(/'/g, '&#039;');
    }
    if (!noquotes) {
        string = string.replace(/"/g, '&quot;');    }

    return string;
}

function indexOf(arr, value, from) {
  for (var i = from || 0, l = arr.length; i < l; i++) {
    if (arr[i] == value) return i;
  }
  return -1;
}